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Related Concept Videos

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Comprehensive Workflow of Mass Spectrometry-based Shotgun Proteomics of Tissue Samples
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Mass spectrometry in pathology - Vision for a future workflow.

Jörg Kriegsmann1, Rita Casadonte2, Katharina Kriegsmann3

  • 1MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics Trier, Trier, Germany; Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mass spectrometry (MS) is revolutionizing medical diagnostics by enabling routine detection of germs and genetic mutations. This review explores how advanced MS techniques, like Imaging MS, can enhance histopathological diagnostics by linking molecular data with tissue morphology.

Keywords:
MALDI ImagingMass SpectrometryMolecular PathologyPathology Workflow

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical diagnostics
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry (MS) is a well-established technique in medical diagnostics for detecting microbiological germs and genetic mutations.
  • MS's capability to analyze proteins and peptides makes it a promising tool to complement traditional histopathological diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review principle mass spectrometric techniques.
  • To explore potential applications of MS in pathology.
  • To present a vision for future MS-integrated diagnostic workflows.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging mass spectrometry techniques.
  • Focus on Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) Imaging MS.
  • Integration of molecular analysis with spatial and morphological tissue information.

Main Results:

  • Imaging MS links the spatial distribution of numerous analytes within cells or tissues with morphological context.
  • Demonstrates the potential of MS to provide molecular insights beyond conventional histopathology.

Conclusions:

  • Mass spectrometry, particularly Imaging MS, offers a powerful approach to enhance histopathological diagnostics.
  • Future workflows can integrate MS for comprehensive molecular and spatial analysis of tissues.
  • This technology promises to advance the precision and scope of medical diagnostics.