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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Polyelectrolyte Complex for Heparin Binding Domain Osteogenic Growth Factor Delivery
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Self-Assembling Nanoclay Diffusion Gels for Bioactive Osteogenic Microenvironments.

Pujiang Shi1, Yang-Hee Kim1, Mohamed Mousa1

  • 1Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laponite nanoparticles form injectable gels that enhance bone stem cell differentiation and mineralization, offering potential for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

Keywords:
Laponitebioactivitydiffusion gelsosteogenesisskeletal stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Laponite nanoparticles are recognized for their protein interactions, gelation, and osteogenic potential.
  • The use of Laponite colloidal gels for stem cell osteogenic differentiation is an emerging area.
  • Injectable bioactive microenvironments are crucial for bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Laponite diffusion gels as injectable bioactive microenvironments for osteogenesis.
  • To evaluate the potential of Laponite gels in supporting stem cell differentiation and bone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a diffusion/dialysis gelation method to form Laponite gels from injectable suspensions.
  • Characterized gel formation and stiffness changes in physiological fluids (buffered saline, blood serum).
  • Assessed Laponite films and gels for human bone marrow stromal cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in 2D and 3D cultures.

Main Results:

  • Rapid formation of stable, transparent Laponite gels with significantly increased stiffness in physiological fluids.
  • Laponite films supported human bone marrow stromal cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Laponite gel encapsulation enhanced osteogenic protein expression and cell-associated mineralization compared to 3D pellet cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Laponite diffusion gels can be rapidly formed into injectable, bioactive scaffolds.
  • These gels effectively promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of stem cells.
  • Laponite diffusion gels show significant promise as clinically relevant bone tissue engineering scaffolds.