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This study developed and validated a new "unhappy" target for the Direct Behavior Rating Single-Item Scale (DBR-SIS) to assess depression. Existing DBR-SIS targets for academic engagement and disruptive behavior showed better performance than the new target.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Assessment

Background:

  • Direct Behavior Rating Single-Item Scale (DBR-SIS) is used for screening and progress monitoring.
  • Current DBR-SIS targets are limited for assessing internalizing problems like depression.
  • A novel "unhappy" DBR-SIS target was developed to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel DBR-SIS target for "unhappy" to measure depression.
  • To evaluate the utility of the "unhappy" target for universal screening.
  • To further validate existing DBR-SIS targets for academic engagement and disruptive behavior.

Main Methods:

  • 87 teachers rated 1,227 students using DBR-SIS and TOCA-C at two time points.
  • Correlational analyses assessed reliability and validity.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses evaluated diagnostic accuracy and cut scores.

Main Results:

  • DBR-SIS targets demonstrated good test-retest reliability and validity.
  • ROC analyses confirmed diagnostic accuracy for differentiating at-risk students.
  • Existing "academic engagement" and "disruptive behavior" targets outperformed the novel "unhappy" target.

Conclusions:

  • DBR-SIS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing student behavior.
  • The novel "unhappy" target showed less utility compared to existing targets.
  • Further research is needed to refine DBR-SIS for internalizing problems.