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Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 in 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate

Catarina Silva-Costa, Maria João Brito, Marcos D Pinho

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |June 19, 2018
    PubMed

    Insights

    Pediatric complicated pneumococcal pneumonia (PCPP) is rising despite vaccination. PCV13 vaccine shows reduced effectiveness against serotype 3, a common cause of PCPP in Portugal.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Pediatric complicated pneumococcal pneumonia (PCPP) incidence is increasing globally, even with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use.
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes not covered by the 7-valent vaccine have been implicated.

    Observation:

    • Molecular methods (PCR) identified Streptococcus pneumoniae in 68% of culture-negative pleural fluid samples from pediatric PCPP cases in Portugal (2010-2015).
    • Serotypes 3, 1, and 19A were the most frequent, accounting for 62% of identified cases.
    • A significant number of PCPP cases (19) were caused by serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), including serotype 3.

    Findings:

    • Among children vaccinated with PCV13, 19 cases of PCPP were attributed to PCV13 serotypes, predominantly serotype 3.
    • Despite PCV13 availability and 61% average coverage, serotypes newly included in PCV13 remain dominant in Portuguese PCPP cases.
    • Data suggest a potential reduced effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 in causing PCPP.

    Implications:

    • The findings highlight a continued challenge with PCV13 effectiveness against specific Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing pediatric complicated pneumococcal pneumonia.
    • Public health strategies may need to address the persistent burden of PCPP caused by vaccine-preventable serotypes, particularly serotype 3.
    • Further research into vaccine efficacy and alternative prevention methods for PCPP is warranted.

    Keywords:
    13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinePCV13PortugalStreptococcus pneumoniaebacteriabacterial infectionconjugate vaccinesempyemaimmunizationpneumoniarespiratory infectionsserotypeserotype 3vaccinationvaccine failurevaccine-preventable diseases

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