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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Live Imaging of Arabidopsis Pollen Tube Reception and Double Fertilization Using the Semi-In Vitro Cum Septum Method
Published on: February 24, 2023
Plasma Membrane-Localized Calcium Pumps and Copines Coordinately Regulate Pollen Germination and Fertility in
Yun Li1, Jinping Guo2, Ziyuan Yang3
1State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2015101147@njau.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Calcium plays an important role in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. Copines are conserved plasma membrane-localized calcium-binding proteins which regulate plant immune responses and development. In this study, we found that copine proteins BON2 and BON3, the paralogs of BON1, physically interact with calcium pumps ACA8 and ACA10 in Arabidopsis. Notably, ACA9, the closest homologue of ACA8 and ACA10 functioning in pollen tube growth, interacts with all three copines. This is consistent with the protein⁻protein interactions between the two protein families, the aca8, aca10, aca8/aca10, bon1/2/3 mutants as well as aca9 mutant exhibited defects on pollen germination and seed production. Taken together, plasma membrane-localized interacting calcium pumps and copines coordinately control pollen tube growth, likely through manipulating calcium efflux.
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