Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

2.4K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.4K
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

11.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
11.9K
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

4.2K
4.2K
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

696
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
696
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

64.5K
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
64.5K
Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

4.8K
The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trichinellosis Outbreak Linked to Undercooked Bear Jerky, North Carolina, USA, 2024.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Evidence for Fgf and Wnt regulation of <i>Lhx2</i> during limb development via two limb-specific <i>Lhx2</i>-associated <i>cis</i>-regulatory modules.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2025
Same author

Heterotopic respiratory mucosa as a potential source of ectopic Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in the development of complex radial polydactyly and ulnar dimelia.

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume·2023
Same author

Sox, Fox, and Lmx1b binding sites differentially regulate a Gdf5-Associated regulatory region during elbow development.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2023
Same author

Pulmonary Embolism and Amniotic Fluid Embolism.

Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America·2022
Same author

Identification of limb-specific Lmx1b auto-regulatory modules with Nail-patella syndrome pathogenicity.

Nature communications·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

9.2K

LHX2 Mediates the FGF-to-SHH Regulatory Loop during Limb Development.

Billy A Watson1,2, Jennifer M Feenstra3, Jonathan M Van Arsdale4

  • 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. bawatson@llu.edu.

Journal of Developmental Biology
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) regulate limb development by maintaining Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression. LHX2 acts as a key intermediate in this crucial FGF-Shh signaling feedback loop.

Keywords:
LIM Homeobox 2 (LHX2)fibroblast growth factor (FGF)limb developmentsonic hedgehog (SHH)

More Related Videos

The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii
07:27

The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii

Published on: April 18, 2016

10.9K
CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

9.2K
The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii
07:27

The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii

Published on: April 18, 2016

10.9K
CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling are essential for limb development.
  • The feedback loop between Fgf and Shh is critical for patterning but not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the Fgf-Shh signaling crosstalk during limb development.
  • To identify key regulators involved in maintaining Shh expression in response to Fgf signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptome analysis of limb bud cells treated with Fgf beads.
  • Identification of candidate genes involved in Shh regulation.
  • Functional validation of identified genes, including LHX2.

Main Results:

  • Fgf bead implantation induced Shh expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
  • Comparative analysis identified 25 candidate genes, with eight directly linked to Shh expression or function.
  • LHX2 was identified as a crucial intermediate in Fgf-mediated Shh regulation.

Conclusions:

  • LHX2 acts as a competency factor, maintaining distal posterior Shh expression under the apical ectodermal ridge.
  • This study clarifies a key mechanism in the Fgf-Shh feedback loop essential for limb patterning.