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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Local quantum phase transition in YFe2Al10.

W J Gannon1, L S Wu2, I A Zaliznyak3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242; wgannon@physics.tamu.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In YFe2Al10, a quantum phase transition occurs locally, not through correlated regions. This finding challenges conventional phase transition models in quantum materials.

Keywords:
magnetismneutron scatteringquantum matter

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Conventional phase transitions involve the growth of correlated regions and long-lived fluctuations.
  • Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) occur at absolute zero temperature, driven by quantum fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of the quantum phase transition in YFe2Al10, a material proximate to a QPT.
  • To determine if spatial correlations are necessary for QPTs in this system.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron scattering measurements were performed on YFe2Al10.
  • Analysis focused on the behavior of localized magnetic moments at low energies and temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Observed fully quantum mechanical fluctuations of localized moments diverging at low temperatures.
  • Demonstrated a complete absence of spatial correlations among these fluctuating moments.
  • Identified a novel, entirely local type of quantum phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • The conventional model of phase transitions is insufficient for YFe2Al10.
  • YFe2Al10 exhibits a unique local quantum phase transition, potentially linked to moment formation.
  • This discovery offers new insights into the mechanisms driving quantum order.