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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

71.7K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

39.1K
Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
39.1K
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

6.4K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
6.4K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.0K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
2.0K
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

65.1K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
65.1K
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

62.2K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

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High-Performance Solid-State Thermionic Energy Conversion Based on 2D van der Waals Heterostructures: A

Xiaoming Wang1,2, Mona Zebarjadi3,4, Keivan Esfarjani5,6,7

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, United States.

Scientific Reports
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures show promise for solid-state thermionic energy conversion. A designed Sc-WSe2-MoSe2-WSe2-Sc device achieves high cooling efficiency, exceeding 30% of Carnot efficiency above 450 K.

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) exhibit diverse functionalities relevant to electronics and photovoltaics.
  • Solid-state thermionic energy conversion offers a promising avenue for energy harvesting and cooling applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of 2D van der Waals heterostructures for solid-state thermionic energy conversion.
  • To propose and characterize high-performance thermionic devices based on vdWHs.
  • To develop a design strategy for optimizing thermionic device performance.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles GW calculations.
  • Real-space Green's function (GF) formalism.
  • Characterization of thermionic energy conversion performance.

Main Results:

  • Proposed two novel thermionic devices: p-type Pt-G-WSe2-G-Pt and n-type Sc-WSe2-MoSe2-WSe2-Sc.
  • The n-type device demonstrated optimal barrier height and high thermal resistance for excellent performance.
  • Achieved a room temperature figure of merit of 1.2, increasing to 3 above 600 K.
  • Demonstrated cooling efficiency over 30% of Carnot efficiency above 450 K.

Conclusions:

  • 2D van der Waals heterostructures are suitable for high-performance solid-state thermionic energy conversion.
  • The proposed design strategy and characterization methods can guide the development of future vdWH-based thermionic devices.
  • The Sc-WSe2-MoSe2-WSe2-Sc device shows significant potential for efficient energy conversion and cooling applications.