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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

In Situ Hybridization Combined with Immunohistochemistry in Cryosectioned Zebrafish Embryos
Published on: March 3, 2022
General Principles of Planarian Embryogenesis and Its Analysis by In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry
1Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. chema.martin@qmul.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Thanks to their ability to regrow any missing body part after injury, planarians have become a well-established invertebrate model system in regenerative studies. However, planarians are also unique in their embryonic development, displaying ectolecithality, or the accumulation of embryonic nutrients into accessory cells accompanying the zygotes. Gaining a better understanding of their peculiar embryogenesis can offer answers to some fundamental questions regarding the appearance and evolution of planarian regenerative capacities, and in a broader context, the diversification of embryonic and postembryonic development in animals. In this chapter, I give an overview of the present knowledge of planarian embryogenesis and the methodologies applied to its study. I describe and comment on protocols to fix and dissect planarian egg capsules, and perform whole-mount in situ hybridization and whole-mount immunohistochemistry on planarian embryos.
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