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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

The requirement for calcification differs between ecologically important coccolithophore species.

Charlotte E Walker^1,2, Alison R Taylor³, Gerald Langer¹

¹Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.

The New Phytologist

|June 20, 2018

Summary

Coccolithus braarudii requires calcification for growth, unlike Emiliania huxleyi. Disrupting calcification in C. braarudii causes cell cycle arrest, highlighting species-specific needs for marine algae.

Keywords:

Coccolithus braarudii Emiliania huxleyi calcification coccolithophore phytoplankton

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Area of Science:

Marine biology
Biogeochemistry
Phycology

Background:

Coccolithophores are crucial marine algae forming calcite plates (coccoliths).
Calcification significantly impacts global biogeochemical cycles.
The necessity of calcification for coccolithophore physiology is not fully understood, as some species like Emiliania huxleyi can grow without it.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the requirement for calcification varies between different coccolithophore species.
To compare the physiological responses of Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus braarudii when calcification is disrupted.

Main Methods:

Utilized multiple independent methods to inhibit calcification in E. huxleyi and C. braarudii.
Employed time-lapse imaging to observe calcification and cell division in individual cells.
Assessed physiological responses to calcification disruption.

Main Results:

Disrupting calcification caused significant growth defects in C. braarudii but not in E. huxleyi.
No evidence was found that calcification supports photosynthesis in C. braarudii.
Inability to maintain an intact coccosphere led to cell cycle arrest in C. braarudii.

Conclusions:

Coccolithus braarudii exhibits an obligate requirement for calcification, differing from E. huxleyi.
The disruption of the coccosphere in C. braarudii results in a critical growth defect and cell cycle arrest.
Understanding these species-specific calcification requirements is vital for predicting marine algae responses to changing ocean chemistry.