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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

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Type 1 diabetes.

Linda A DiMeglio1, Carmella Evans-Molina2, Richard A Oram3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease causing insulin deficiency. Despite advances, gaps remain in understanding and managing this chronic condition, highlighting the need for further research and improved care strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition defined by insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia.
  • Significant progress in understanding type 1 diabetes genetics, epidemiology, and immunology over 25 years.
  • Existing knowledge covers disease phenotypes and burden, with interventions tested for beta-cell preservation and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of type 1 diabetes.
  • To highlight existing gaps in knowledge and clinical care standardization.
  • To discuss potential future research and care directions for type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of advancements in understanding disease genetics, epidemiology, and immunology.
  • Assessment of interventions for beta-cell preservation and clinical management.

Main Results:

  • Substantial increase in knowledge regarding type 1 diabetes over the past 25 years.
  • Established understanding of genetics, epidemiology, immune phenotypes, and disease burden.
  • Identified persistent gaps in comprehensive understanding and standardized clinical care.

Conclusions:

  • Despite significant knowledge gains, critical gaps persist in type 1 diabetes research and care.
  • Further research is needed to standardize clinical care and reduce complications.
  • Future directions should focus on addressing these knowledge gaps for improved patient outcomes.