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Risk Factors of Recurrent Wheezing in Children Under 5 Years of Age
Insights
Lower respiratory tract infections are a significant risk factor for recurrent wheezing in young children. Identifying and managing infections, passive smoking, and daycare attendance can help reduce wheezing episodes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Respiratory Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Recurrent wheezing in children under five years old is a common clinical problem.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors associated with recurrent wheezing in children under five years of age.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted with 55 children diagnosed with recurrent wheezing and 55 age- and sex-matched controls.
- Data on potential risk factors were collected via questionnaires.
- Statistical analyses, including bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, were employed to identify significant predictors (p<0.05).
Main Results:
- Lower respiratory tract infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.241; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.088–0.659) was identified as the most significant risk factor for recurrent wheezing.
- Other identified risk factors included upper respiratory tract infection, passive smoking, and day care center attendance.
Conclusions:
- Lower respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, passive smoking, and day care attendance are key risk factors for recurrent wheezing in young children.
- Targeted surveillance and intervention for these factors, particularly lower respiratory tract infections, may reduce the incidence of recurrent wheezing.
- These findings are particularly relevant for managing high-risk pediatric populations, such as those with asthma.
Objective:
To identify risk factors which may lead to the occurrence of recurrent wheezing in children under five years of age.
Material And Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in children under 5 years old at the Out Patient Department at Naresuan University Hospital, from October 2013 to October 2014. Fifty-five children who had signs and symptoms of recurrent wheezing were assigned to the study group, whereas another fifty-five children matching on age and sex with the case who had no symptoms of recurrent wheezing were assigned to the control group. All of the parents completed the given questionnaires. Descriptive data analysis were statistically conducted to understand the characteristics of the study groups. The risk factors were analysed using both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses which included all the important predictors with a statistically significant level of p<0.05.
Results:
Mean age in the study group was 36.1 months and in the control group 25.0 months. The mean weights and heights showed no difference between the case and control groups. Bivariate analysis showed that upper respiratory tract infection [odds ratio (OR) 7.273; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.277-23.232)], lower respiratory tract infection (OR 5.332; 95% CI 2.326-12.225), passive smoking (OR 2.368; 95% CI 1.094-5.129), and day care center attendance (OR 2.590; 95% CI 1.168-5.745) were the risk factors of recurrent wheezing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that lower respiratory tract infection [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 0.241; 95% CI 0.088-0.659] was the most important risk factor leading to recurrent wheezing.
Conclusion:
Lower respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, passive smoking and day care center attendance were found to be risk factors of recurrent wheezing in children under five years of age, with lower respiratory tract infection being the most risk. Targeted surveillance of these risk factors should reduce the incidence of recurrent wheezing. This is especially important for high risk patients such as asthma patients.
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