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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

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Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter
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Mandibular Reconstruction for Pediatric Patients.

Loreto Castellon1,2,3, Daniel Jerez4, Jaime Mayorga4,5

  • 1Unit Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna.

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|June 20, 2018
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Summary

Pediatric mandibular reconstruction is complex due to limited experience. Free flaps are a safe and effective standard for large defects in children, similar to adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Mandibular reconstruction in pediatric patients presents unique challenges due to limited data and infrequent occurrences.
  • Therapeutic decisions are complicated by the need to consider ongoing growth and development in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the experience with mandibular resection and reconstruction in pediatric patients.
  • To evaluate treatment protocols and bone graft alternatives for pediatric mandibular defects.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients under 15 years old who underwent mandibular resection and reconstruction.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, pathologies, and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen patients (8 female, 10 male) aged 2-13 years (average 7) were included.
  • Pathologies included malignant (5), benign (7), odontogenic (4), and post-traumatic osteomyelitis (1).
  • Free flaps were identified as a standard for large mandibular defects.

Conclusions:

  • Successful pediatric mandibular reconstruction requires an experienced pediatric team.
  • Growth and development should not impede resection and reconstruction decisions.
  • Free flaps are a safe and effective criterion standard for extensive mandibular defects in pediatric patients, mirroring adult outcomes.