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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

5.4K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
5.4K
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

4.3K
At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
4.3K
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

48.9K
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
48.9K
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

206.5K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
206.5K
Condensins02:15

Condensins

4.4K
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
4.4K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.7K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

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Cohesin and chromosome segregation.

Vasso Makrantoni1, Adele L Marston1

  • 1The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cohesin, a protein complex, organizes chromosomes for cell division. It ensures sister chromatids attach correctly to the spindle and are segregated equally during mitosis.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cohesin is a crucial ring-shaped protein complex vital for genome organization.
  • It plays key roles in DNA condensation, gene expression, repair, and transmission.
  • Cohesin's best-known function is establishing sister chromatid cohesion during S phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the molecular functions of cohesin.
  • To outline the regulatory mechanisms governing cohesin's role in mitosis.
  • To highlight cohesin's central importance in chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cohesin's functions.
  • Analysis of cohesin's regulatory pathways.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of cohesin in mitosis.

More Related Videos

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
12:04

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
06:39

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

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Main Results:

  • Cohesin ensures sister chromatid cohesion, resisting spindle forces for proper attachment.
  • Cohesin destruction at anaphase triggers the separation of sister chromatids.
  • This process is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin's molecular functions and regulation are fundamental to accurate chromosome segregation.
  • Understanding cohesin is key to comprehending mitotic progression and genomic stability.
  • Dysregulation of cohesin can lead to aneuploidy and other genetic abnormalities.