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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason&#180;s Selection Task
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Animal Cognition: Chimps Use Human Knowledge When Reasoning Statistically.

William A Roberts1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada.

Current Biology : CB
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimpanzees demonstrate statistical reasoning by choosing hidden rewards based on human selections. They infer human preferences and knowledge, indicating complex cognitive abilities in non-human primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate cognition
  • Comparative psychology
  • Behavioral ecology

Background:

  • Understanding non-human decision-making processes is crucial for evolutionary psychology.
  • Previous research suggests primates possess sophisticated cognitive skills, but the extent of their statistical reasoning remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether chimpanzees can employ statistical reasoning when inferring hidden choices made by humans.
  • To determine if chimpanzees consider human preferences and knowledge when making selections.

Main Methods:

  • Chimpanzees were presented with two groups of hidden rewards, each selected by a human.
  • The groups differed in the proportion of favored and non-favored items.
  • Chimpanzee choices were analyzed to assess their reliance on statistical information and inferences about the human selector.

Main Results:

  • Chimpanzees consistently chose the group of hidden rewards that reflected a higher probability of containing their favored items.
  • Their choices indicated an understanding of random sampling and the human's selection process.
  • Results suggest chimpanzees inferred the human's knowledge and preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Chimpanzees exhibit advanced statistical reasoning abilities, comparable to those seen in human children.
  • This study provides evidence for complex inferential reasoning in chimpanzees regarding social and statistical information.
  • Findings contribute to our understanding of the evolution of cognitive abilities related to social learning and decision-making.