Protective effects of timosaponin BII on oxidative stress damage in PC12 cells based on metabolomics

Peroxide and oxygen free radicals are some of the causes of oxidative stress in brain tissue, and could lead to the change of brain structure and function. In addition, oxidative damage is one of the most important causes of the aging of the vast majority of tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of timosaponin BII on oxidative stress damage of PC12 induced by H₂ O₂ using metabolomics based on the UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis method was used to identify 35 metabolites as decisive marker compounds in a preliminary interpretation of the mechanism of the antioxidative effect of timosaponin BII. The majority of these metabolites are involved in the glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our results suggest that timosaponin BII demonstrates systematic antioxidant effects in the PC12 oxidative damage cell model via the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying oxidative stress damage and suggest innovative and effective treatments for this disorder, providing a reliable basis for the development of novel therapeutic target in timosaponin BII treatment of oxidative stress.