Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

9.0K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
9.0K
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

10.3K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
10.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.2K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.2K
Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

8.6K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
8.6K
Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction01:08

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

4.6K
As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
4.6K
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

24.1K
In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
24.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Two-step yielding in a jammed microgel suspension.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Stem cell preservation with novel cryoprotectants.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

Correction to "Phase Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of Nucleic Acid-Encapsulated Biomimetically Mineralized ZIF-8".

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Insights into the molecular association of aqueous deep eutectic solvents using cell permeability.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Nanoscale structural evolution of gallium-copper, gallium-zinc, and gallium-bismuth alloys.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization: Emerging Strategies and Future Perspectives; A Third Update.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Incorporation of Engineered Cu<sup>0</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup> Interfaces in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Planar Chiral Carbazole-Naphthalene Bisimide Hetero-Cyclophane for Circularly Polarized Delayed Fluorescence.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Charge-Transfer Exciton Flows: Red Luminescent Zn<sub>8</sub>D<sub>14</sub>A<sub>4</sub> Nanotubes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Au(III) Complexes as Pyroptosis Inducers by Targeting Mitochondrial DNA for Tumor Immunity.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Suppressing Interfacial-Accelerated Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells via Supramolecular Co-Assembly.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Isolation and Reactivity of a Stannabismuthene.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
10:54

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization

Published on: June 19, 2015

10.2K

Blood-Catalyzed RAFT Polymerization.

Amin Reyhani1, Mitchell D Nothling1, Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo1

  • 1Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers utilized hemoglobin within red blood cells to initiate controlled radical polymerization. This novel method enables synthetic macromolecule engineering within biological environments without pre-treatment, paving the way for in vivo cell modification.

Keywords:
RAFThemoglobinpolymerizationred blood cells

More Related Videos

Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes
07:26

Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes

Published on: February 22, 2012

19.8K
The Use of the Ex Vivo Chandler Loop Apparatus to Assess the Biocompatibility of Modified Polymeric Blood Conduits
10:15

The Use of the Ex Vivo Chandler Loop Apparatus to Assess the Biocompatibility of Modified Polymeric Blood Conduits

Published on: August 20, 2014

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
10:54

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization

Published on: June 19, 2015

10.2K
Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes
07:26

Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes

Published on: February 22, 2012

19.8K
The Use of the Ex Vivo Chandler Loop Apparatus to Assess the Biocompatibility of Modified Polymeric Blood Conduits
10:15

The Use of the Ex Vivo Chandler Loop Apparatus to Assess the Biocompatibility of Modified Polymeric Blood Conduits

Published on: August 20, 2014

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Cell Engineering

Background:

  • Controlled radical polymerization techniques are crucial for synthesizing advanced polymer materials.
  • Hemoglobin (Hb) and hydrogen peroxide are naturally abundant biological reagents.
  • Current cell engineering often requires complex ex vivo manipulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first use of hemoglobin within red blood cells as a catalyst for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
  • To demonstrate the potential for in situ polymerization within biological microenvironments.
  • To explore a novel approach for in vivo cell engineering using synthetic macromolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized native hemoglobin contained within red blood cells.
  • Employed a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process.
  • No pre-treatment of hemoglobin or red blood cells was necessary.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated hemoglobin-driven RAFT polymerization.
  • Showcased the ability to act as a polymerization catalyst without prior modification.
  • Indicated feasibility for use in complex biological settings.

Conclusions:

  • Hemoglobin in red blood cells can catalyze controlled radical polymerization.
  • This method allows for synthetic engineering in biological microenvironments without ex vivo processing.
  • The approach holds promise for developing new in vivo cell engineering strategies with synthetic macromolecules.