Developing a Self-Healing Supramolecular Nucleoside Hydrogel Based on Guanosine and Isoguanosine

Recently, supramolecular hydrogels have attracted increasing interest owing to their tunable stability and inherent biocompatibility. However, only few studies have been reported in the literature on self-healing supramolecular nucleoside hydrogels, compared to self-healing polymer hydrogels. In this work, we successfully developed a self-healing supramolecular nucleoside hydrogel obtained by simply mixing equimolar amounts of guanosine (G) and isoguanosine (isoG) in the presence of K⁺ . The gelation properties have been studied systematically by comparing different alkali metal ions as well as mixtures with different ratios of G and isoG. To this end, rheological and phase diagram experiments demonstrated that the co-gel not only possessed good self-healing properties and short recovery time (only 20 seconds) but also could be formed at very low concentrations of K⁺ . Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy suggested that possible G₂ isoG₂ -quartet structures occurred in this self-healing supramolecular nucleoside hydrogel. This co-gel, to some extent, addressed the problem of isoguanosine gels for the applications in vivo, which showed the potential to be a new type of drug delivery system for biomedical applications in the future.