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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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[Infections during Immunosuppression].

Carsten Depmeier1, Huldrych F Günthard1,2, Urs C Steiner3

  • 11 Klinik für Infektionskrankheiten und Spitalhygiene, Universitätsspital Zürich.

Praxis
|June 21, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunosuppressive therapies increase infection risk, especially in elderly and multimorbid patients. Proactive screening and monitoring are crucial for managing infections during these treatments.

Keywords:
BiologikaImmunosuppressionImmunsuppressionInfektionPräventionbiologicsimmunomodulationinfectionpreventionprévention

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Immunomodulating and immunosuppressive therapies are increasingly utilized in clinical practice.
  • These therapies elevate the risk of infections, influenced by treatment mechanisms, disease, patient factors, and pathogens.
  • Elderly and multimorbid individuals face a heightened susceptibility to infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased infection risk associated with immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies.
  • To emphasize the challenges in diagnosing infections due to atypical presentations and unreliable diagnostics in these patients.
  • To underscore the importance of preventative measures in managing infections during immunosuppression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prevalent infections associated with immunosuppression, including bacterial, viral (Hepatitis B, Herpes viruses), and granulomatous types.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges, noting the potential absence of typical clinical signs and the unreliability of laboratory parameters.
  • Emphasis on the need for systematic screening and close patient monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of classical bacterial infections (with atypical manifestations), Hepatitis B virus, herpes viruses, mycobacteria, and granulomatous infections.
  • Recognition that standard diagnostic indicators for infection may be absent or misleading in immunosuppressed patients.
  • Identification of elderly and multimorbid patients as high-risk groups.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic screening for latent or chronic infections before initiating therapy is essential.
  • Close patient monitoring throughout immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatment is necessary.
  • These measures are critical for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infections in patients undergoing these therapies.