Microscopic-cytologic investigations on explanted intraocular lenses

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Cell Biology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Anterior chamber intraocular lenses (ACIOLs) are used in cataract surgery.
• Complications such as bullous pseudophakic keratopathy necessitate lens removal.
• The cellular response to ACIOLs is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To cytologically examine the cellular membranes formed on removed iris-supported anterior chamber lenses.
• To characterize the cell types involved in membrane formation.
• To identify factors influencing membrane cellularity and potential protective functions.

Main Methods:

• Cytological examination of nine removed iris-supported anterior chamber lenses using the WOLTER method.
• Analysis of cellular composition and membrane completeness.
• Correlation of findings with lens type, material, and clinical presentation.

Main Results:

• None of the examined lenses had a complete cellular-membraneous capsule.
• Four basic cell types were identified, predominantly macrophages (mobile and sessile).
• Cellularity varied based on lens type, material (Supramid inferior to Prolene), and clinical condition; pseudophakodonesis and endothelial contact were detrimental.

Conclusions:

• The cellular membrane on ACIOLs likely has a protective function, though it is often incomplete.
• Macrophages are the primary source of cells forming these membranes.
• Lens material and clinical factors like pseudophakodonesis significantly impact the cellular response and lens survival.