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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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A universal gene expression system for fungi.

Anssi Rantasalo1, Christopher P Landowski1, Joosu Kuivanen1

  • 1VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.

Nucleic Acids Research
|June 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new synthetic expression system (SES) enables efficient gene expression in diverse fungi. This breakthrough advances biotechnological applications and microbial engineering by overcoming limitations of current gene expression tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Efficient microbial production systems are crucial for biotechnology.
  • Genome editing advances enable new functionalities in microorganisms.
  • Lack of suitable gene expression tools hinders fungal engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a broadly functional synthetic expression system (SES) for fungal species.
  • To enable tunable and high-level gene expression without host-specific optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a two-cassette synthetic expression system (SES).
  • The system includes a synthetic transcription factor (sTF) and an sTF-dependent promoter.
  • Validated SES functionality in six yeast and two filamentous fungi species.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated broad functionality of SES across diverse fungal species.
  • Achieved high-level expression of heterologous and native genes, exceeding organism-specific promoters.
  • Showcased tunable gene expression control using the SES.

Conclusions:

  • The SES is a versatile gene expression tool for broad fungal applications.
  • This system significantly improves fungal engineering capabilities.
  • Enables the use of novel eukaryotic microbes in research and biotechnology.