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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Does Second Language Experience Modulate Perception of Tones in a Third Language?

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    Second language (L2) Mandarin knowledge influences how English speakers perceive Cantonese tones. L2 learners use both fundamental frequency (F0) height and direction, unlike native English or Mandarin speakers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Linguistics
    • Phonetics
    • Second Language Acquisition

    Background:

    • Listeners' native language (L1) influences fundamental frequency (F0) use in tone perception.
    • English speakers primarily use F0 height, while Mandarin speakers rely on F0 direction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if learning Mandarin as a second language (L2) affects perception of third language (L3) Cantonese tones.
    • To determine if L2 Mandarin speakers utilize F0 direction for L3 Cantonese tone discrimination.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared Cantonese tone perception in English speakers learning Mandarin (L2 learners) with English monolinguals and native Mandarin speakers.
    • Participants discriminated Cantonese tones using F0 direction (contour vs. level) and F0 height (level vs. level) pairs.
    • Acoustic properties of tones were analyzed for their effect on discrimination.

    Main Results:

    • L2 Mandarin learners showed unique tone perception patterns, using both F0 direction and height.
    • Both L1 and L2 experience influenced L2 learners' reliance on F0 cues.
    • Tone acoustics impacted discrimination across all listener groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Second language (L2) experience, especially when L2 and L3 share tonal features, modulates L3 tone perception.
    • L2 acquisition can lead to a blended use of phonetic cues from both L1 and L2.
    • This highlights the complex interplay of linguistic backgrounds in auditory perception.