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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.2K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

57.6K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
57.6K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

26.8K
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
26.8K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

21.2K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
21.2K
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

5.0K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
5.0K

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Protein Membrane Overlay Assay: A Protocol to Test Interaction Between Soluble and Insoluble Proteins in vitro
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Protein Membrane Overlay Assay: A Protocol to Test Interaction Between Soluble and Insoluble Proteins in vitro

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[Air humidity solubility assay].

Yu Huang, Xian-cheng Zhan, Fang-jun Lü

    Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
    |June 21, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new air humidity solubility assay offers a convenient method for determining drug solubility. This practical approach complements existing techniques, providing reliable measurements for compound characterization in drug discovery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmaceutical Sciences
    • Physical Chemistry
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Drug solubility is crucial for compound characterization in drug discovery and development.
    • Existing experimental methods for solubility measurement are often time-consuming, require large sample sizes, and involve extensive manual work.
    • Precise drug solubility values are challenging to obtain with current techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel and convenient air humidity solubility assay for measuring drug solubility.
    • To evaluate the applicability of the air humidity solubility assay using NaCl as a model compound.
    • To compare the results obtained from the new method with established techniques like gravimetry.

    Main Methods:

    • The air humidity solubility assay measures the relative humidity of air in equilibrium with a solution at a specific temperature.
    • Solubility is calculated using the extended-non-random two liquid (NRTL) model based on the measured relative humidity.
    • Sodium chloride (NaCl) was employed as a model drug, with solubility measurements conducted between 20-50 °C.

    Main Results:

    • The solubility of NaCl determined by the air humidity assay was comparable to values obtained via gravimetry.
    • The novel method demonstrated a relative error of less than 2%.
    • Measurements were successfully performed across a temperature range of 20-50 °C.

    Conclusions:

    • The air humidity solubility assay is a convenient, practical, operational, and universal method for determining drug solubility.
    • While slightly less accurate than gravimetry, it offers significant advantages in terms of ease of use and efficiency.
    • This new assay serves as a valuable supplement to existing solubility measurement techniques in pharmaceutical research.