Laser-Induced Graphene.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Chemistry

Background:

• Graphene foams are advantageous over 2D graphene due to increased surface area.
• Conventional methods for graphene foam synthesis, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and wet-chemical approaches, often require harsh conditions like high temperatures, pure gases, or strong acids.
• Laser-induced graphene (LIG) emerged as a simpler alternative in 2014.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) synthesis.
• To explore methods for controlling LIG morphology, porosity, composition, and surface properties.
• To highlight the diverse applications of LIG in various devices.

Main Methods:

• Direct laser writing on polymer substrates (initially polyimide) in ambient air to form 3D porous graphene.
• Exploration of various precursor materials beyond polyimide, including nonpolymers and composites.
• Adaptation of LIG fabrication for scalable production, including roll-to-roll and 3D printing techniques.

Main Results:

• LIG is produced in a single step without high temperatures, solvents, or post-treatments.
• The LIG process allows for tunable surface properties, ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic.
• LIG can be fabricated from a wide array of materials, not limited to polyimide.
• Scalable manufacturing methods like roll-to-roll and 3D printing are feasible for LIG production.
• LIG demonstrates high performance in supercapacitors, fuel cells, water splitting, sensors, and biofilm inhibition.

Conclusions:

• Laser-induced graphene (LIG) provides a versatile and scalable platform for 3D graphene foam synthesis.
• The ease of fabrication and tunable properties of LIG facilitate its transition into commercial device applications.
• LIG's utility spans energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and environmental remediation, showcasing its broad potential.