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Related Concept Videos

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
448
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

480
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

620
Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
620
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents
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Novel Proinflammatory Function of Renal Intercalated Cells.

Sylvie Breton, Dennis Brown

    Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
    |June 21, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers discovered that the P2Y14 receptor in kidney intercalated cells (ICs) triggers inflammation, contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI) after surgery, sepsis, or organ damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication following major surgery, sepsis, and organ damage.
    • AKI is characterized by uncontrolled inflammation and often leads to irreversible kidney damage.
    • Current diagnosis of AKI typically occurs after substantial kidney injury has already happened.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of purinergic receptors in kidney function.
    • To understand the mechanisms underlying inflammation in acute kidney injury.
    • To identify potential therapeutic targets for preventing or treating AKI.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated the expression of P2Y14 receptors in kidney intercalated cells (ICs).
    • Examined the response of ICs to uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, a danger signal.
    Keywords:
    Kidney collecting ductKidney inflammationNeutrophil infiltrationPurinergic receptorsUDP-glucose

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  • Assessed the role of ICs and P2Y14 receptor activation in renal inflammation and AKI development.

    • Main Results:

    • Unexpectedly found high levels of the P2Y14 receptor in kidney ICs, cells crucial for acid-base balance.
    • Discovered that UDP-glucose, released by damaged cells, activates P2Y14 receptors on ICs.
    • Activated ICs produce chemoattractant cytokines, leading to kidney inflammation and AKI.

    Conclusions:

    • Kidney ICs are key mediators of renal inflammation and AKI following various insults.
    • The P2Y14 receptor pathway in ICs represents a novel link between cell damage signals and kidney injury.
    • This finding opens new avenues for understanding and potentially treating AKI.