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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Range00:59

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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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Related Experiment Video

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Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators
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Heart rate ranges in premature neonates using high resolution physiologic data.

Corrie J Alonzo1, Vijay P Nagraj2, Jenna V Zschaebitz3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. cjs5te@virginia.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|June 22, 2018
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Summary

This study establishes heart rate reference ranges for premature neonates, finding that baseline heart rates decrease with increasing gestational age. These findings aid in bedside assessment of preterm infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Pediatric cardiology

Background:

  • Limited evidence-based heart rate ranges exist for premature neonates.
  • Accurate reference ranges are crucial for clinical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine evidence-based heart rate ranges for premature neonates.
  • To stratify these ranges by gestational age and post-menstrual age.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 1703 premature neonates.
  • Data collected from January 2009 to October 2015.
  • Analysis included over two billion heart rate values.

Main Results:

  • Established percentile-based reference ranges for heart rate.
  • Observed a slight initial increase in heart rate post-birth, followed by a decline.
  • Demonstrated lower baseline heart rates with advancing gestational age.

Conclusions:

  • Established heart rate reference ranges are valuable for premature neonates.
  • These ranges can assist in bedside clinical assessment of preterm infants.