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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Related Experiment Video

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Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stroke: Implications of Stem Cell Therapy.

Deepaneeta Sarmah1, Harpreet Kaur1, Jackson Saraf1

  • 1Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.

Translational Stroke Research
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stem cells offer new hope for stroke treatment by transferring healthy mitochondria to damaged brain cells. This review explores stem cell therapy

Keywords:
Cell fusionExtracellular vesiclesMitochondriaNeuroprotectionReactive oxygen speciesStrokeTunnelling nanotubes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Neuroprotective agents have shown limited success in clinical translation.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to stroke pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of stem cells in neuroprotection following stroke.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which stem cells protect neurons and mitochondria.
  • To explore stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer as a therapeutic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stem cell therapy for stroke.
  • Analysis of studies investigating stem cell mechanisms in neuroprotection.
  • Focus on mitochondrial transfer and its role in cellular energetics.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells can transfer functional mitochondria to damaged cells.
  • Mitochondrial transfer by stem cells can restore cellular energy metabolism.
  • Stem cells exhibit neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy holds significant promise for stroke treatment.
  • Mitochondrial transfer is a key mechanism underlying stem cell-mediated neuroprotection.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize stem cell strategies for stroke recovery.