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Related Concept Videos

Isotopes01:12

Isotopes

64.8K
Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

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Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
7.0K
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
115.4K
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

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The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Recent developments in heterocycle labeling with carbon isotopes.

Antonio Del Vecchio1, Gianluca Destro1, Frédéric Taran1

  • 1CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, Gif sur Yvette, France.

Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights novel strategies for incorporating carbon isotopes (carbon-11, carbon-13, carbon-14) into heterocyclic compounds, crucial for pharmaceutical and agrochemical research and development.

Keywords:
carbon-11carbon-13carbon-14heterocyclesisotopic labeling

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Radiochemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Heterocyclic compounds are fundamental structural motifs in numerous pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
  • A significant majority of newly approved drugs incorporate heterocyclic cores, underscoring their importance.
  • Carbon isotopes (carbon-11, carbon-13, carbon-14) are vital tools in life sciences, particularly for drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in labeling strategies for incorporating carbon isotopes into heterocyclic scaffolds.
  • To analyze diverse industrial and academic case studies in this research area.
  • To emphasize the significance of efficient isotope incorporation for radiochemists.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent contributions in the field of heterocyclic labeling.
  • Analysis of case studies from both industrial and academic research.
  • Focus on strategies for introducing carbon isotopes into metabolically stable positions within heterocycles.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of novel and straightforward labeling techniques for heterocycles.
  • Successful incorporation of carbon isotopes into various heterocyclic structures.
  • Highlighting the efficiency and synthetic advantages of these labeling methods.

Conclusions:

  • Novel carbon isotope labeling strategies for heterocycles are crucial for pharmaceutical and agrochemical innovation.
  • Efficient incorporation into stable positions offers a viable solution for radiolabeling challenges.
  • This review provides valuable insights into current research and future directions in heterocyclic radiochemistry.