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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
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Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

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[Acute mesenteric ischemia].

A Kerzmann1, A Haumann2, E Boesmans3

  • 1Service de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire et Thoracique, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute mesenteric ischemia, a sudden severe abdominal pain emergency, often stems from heart emboli or superior mesenteric artery thrombosis. Prompt diagnosis via CT angiography and timely revascularization are crucial for survival.

Keywords:
EmbolusSuperior mesenteric arteryThrombosisAcute mesenteric ischemia

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Acute mesenteric ischemia is a critical surgical emergency.
  • Sudden severe abdominal pain is the hallmark symptom.
  • Common causes include arterial embolism and thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiologies of acute mesenteric ischemia.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies for acute mesenteric ischemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on acute mesenteric ischemia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities, focusing on computed tomography with contrast.
  • Evaluation of treatment options including surgical and endovascular revascularization.

Main Results:

  • Embolism from cardiac sources and atherosclerosis of the superior mesenteric artery are primary causes.
  • Computed tomography with intravenous contrast is the preferred diagnostic tool.
  • Revascularization, potentially followed by bowel resection and second-look surgery, is the mainstay of treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and intervention are vital for managing acute mesenteric ischemia.
  • A multi-modal approach combining advanced imaging and timely revascularization improves outcomes.