Dental prostheses and tooth-related factors

Area of Science:

• Periodontology
• Prosthodontics
• Dental Materials Science

Background:

• Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions affecting the gums and supporting tooth structures.
• Dental prostheses and tooth morphology can influence plaque accumulation and periodontal health.
• Understanding these interactions is crucial for preventing and managing periodontal disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on how dental prostheses and tooth factors affect gingivitis and periodontitis.
• To identify specific factors related to prosthesis fabrication and tooth anatomy that impact periodontal health.
• To synthesize findings regarding the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases in relation to dental restorations.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing scientific literature was conducted.
• Evidence regarding the role of dental prostheses (fixed and removable) and tooth-related factors was systematically evaluated.
• Studies focusing on the initiation and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis were included.

Main Results:

• Restoration margins placed within the junctional epithelium or supracrestal connective tissue can cause inflammation and recession.
• Proper plaque control and maintenance minimize gingivitis risk with prostheses.
• Tooth anatomic factors and restoration fabrication can increase plaque retention and periodontal issues.
• Hypersensitivity reactions to dental materials are possible.

Conclusions:

• While some factors like restoration margins can negatively impact the periodontium, good patient compliance with plaque control and maintenance is vital.
• The exact biologic mechanisms require further investigation through animal and human studies.
• Periodontal health management, including patient education and regular follow-ups, is paramount for mitigating risks associated with dental prostheses.