Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Published on: October 14, 2021
Tardive Myoclonic Dyskinesia Responsive to Sodium Oxybate
Andrea Maria DʼArrigo, Laura Campiglio1, Chiara Casellato1
1Clinical Neurology Unit I, Department of Medicine, San Paolo University Hospital ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo.
Abstract:
Hyperkinetic movement disorders may be difficult to treat, but cases where patients respond to alcohol and/or drugs with similar effects have been described. We report the case of a 64-year-old man with tardive dyskinesia characterized by severe uncontrolled dystonic and myoclonic jerks of the face, shoulders, and arm and forearm muscles, which improved with oral sodium oxybate. Our case suggests the possibility to test sodium oxybate in patients with severe, drug-resistant hyperkinetic syndromes, especially when they are known to improve with alcohol.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Roles of Electrolytes: Sodium and Potassium
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
Responses to Salt Stress
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium,...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...

