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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

4.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells
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Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells

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Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels as Insecticide Targets.

Kristopher S Silver1, Yuzhe Du2, Yoshiko Nomura2

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.

Advances in Insect Physiology
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voltage-gated sodium channels are key insecticide targets. This review details how pyrethroids and sodium channel blockers (SCBIs) interact differently with these channels in insects versus mammals.

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Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells
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Reconstitution of a Transmembrane Protein, the Voltage-gated Ion Channel, KvAP, into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles for Microscopy and Patch Clamp Studies
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Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for nerve impulse transmission.
  • These channels are the primary targets for major insecticide classes like DDT, pyrethroids, and SCBIs.
  • Insecticide resistance, particularly knockdown resistance (kdr), is a significant challenge in pest management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of action for pyrethroids and SCBIs on voltage-gated sodium channels.
  • To elucidate the distinct binding interactions of these insecticides with insect and mammalian sodium channels.
  • To highlight the current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding SCBI receptor sites.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on insecticide-sodium channel interactions.
  • Analysis of functional characterization data for kdr mutations.
  • Examination of computational modeling predictions for insecticide binding sites.

Main Results:

  • Pyrethroids and DDT bind to open sodium channels, prolonging currents.
  • SCBIs block sodium channels by binding to the inactivated state.
  • kdr mutations suggest dual pyrethroid receptor sites, while SCBI sites are less understood.
  • Significant differences exist in insecticide interaction with insect versus mammalian sodium channels.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the differential binding of insecticides to sodium channels is crucial for developing effective pest control strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize the molecular determinants of SCBI action.
  • Distinguishing between insect and mammalian sodium channel interactions can aid in designing selective and safer insecticides.