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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Metabolic Labeling and Profiling of Transfer RNAs Using Macroarrays
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Non-coding RNAs in lipid metabolism.

Xinbo Zhang1, Nathan L Price1, Carlos Fernández-Hernando1

  • 1Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA.

Vascular Pharmacology
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are key regulators of lipid metabolism. Understanding their role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) offers new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCardiovascular diseaseCholesterol metabolismlncRNAsmiRNAs

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Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death, initiated by lipid accumulation in arteries (atherogenesis).
  • Dysregulation of lipid metabolism significantly increases cardiometabolic disorder risk.
  • Current CVD prevention primarily focuses on managing lipid disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating lipid metabolism.
  • To explore the implications of these non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis.
  • To discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for CVD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on non-coding RNAs, lipid metabolism, and CVD.
  • Analysis of research on specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-33, miR-122, miR-148a) and lncRNAs.
  • Synthesis of findings on post-transcriptional gene regulation in lipid homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs like miR-33, miR-122, and miR-148a are established regulators of cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism.
  • lncRNAs are emerging as significant, albeit less understood, regulators of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
  • These non-coding RNAs primarily exert their influence at the post-transcriptional level.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs, particularly miRNAs, play crucial roles in lipid metabolism and CVD development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of lncRNAs in lipid metabolism and CVD due to their complexity and interspecies variability.
  • Targeting miRNAs and lncRNAs presents a promising avenue for novel CVD therapies.