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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

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Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Statins and Thyroid Carcinoma: a Meta-Analysis.

Junyu Zhao1, Chunmei Xu1, Jinming Yao1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statins show anticancer effects in lab studies, inhibiting thyroid cancer cell growth and promoting apoptosis. However, clinical data suggests a potential link between statin use and increased thyroid cancer risk, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
ApoptosisMeta-analysisProliferationStatinThyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Experimental studies indicate statins possess antineoplastic properties against thyroid carcinoma.
  • Conversely, observational studies have raised concerns about statins potentially increasing thyroid carcinoma risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antineoplastic effects of statins in vitro and in animal models.
  • To assess the epidemiological evidence regarding statins and thyroid carcinoma risk.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases and clinical trial registries.
  • A meta-analysis was performed on sufficiently homogeneous studies, involving a total of eighteen articles.

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of thyroid cancer cell line growth by statins.
  • Statins significantly increased apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
  • In vivo studies with lovastatin showed reduced tumor volume, but two clinical studies presented results conflicting with experimental findings.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evidence supports the antineoplastic efficacy of statins in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Clinical studies suggest an association between statins and thyroid carcinoma, a discrepancy possibly due to varying statin concentrations or hyperlipidemia interventions.
  • Further research is necessary to reconcile these conflicting findings and clarify the role of statins in thyroid carcinoma.