Improving model prediction of soil N₂O emissions through Bayesian calibration

The biogeochemical processes that lead to the production of N₂O in arable soils are controlled by temporally and spatially varying drivers. The need for prediction of soil N₂O emissions across scales means that agroecosystem biogeochemistry models are widely used to simulate N₂O emissions. Due to the parameter-dense nature of agroecosystem models their parameters have to be calibrated according to the soil and climatic conditions of the intended area of application. Bayesian calibration is considered one of the most advanced ways to complete this task. In this study, we calibrate nine parameters of the Landscape-DNDC process-based agroecosystem model, which are key to its N₂O prediction. The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is used at four separate implementations in order to estimate parameter posterior distributions at four arable sites in the UK. The results of this process are visualised, summarised and assessed against measured N₂O data from ten independent arable sites. The study shows that, in many cases, soil N₂O emission peaks that were not predicted with the default model parameters were predicted after calibration. Overall, the prediction of soil N₂O fluxes across all the sites that were considered was improved by 33% when using the calibrated parameters.