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Orientation-dependent stereo Wigner time delay and electron localization in a small molecule.

J Vos1, L Cattaneo2, S Patchkovskii3

  • 1Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. jvos@phys.ethz.ch.

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Summary

Researchers developed molecular stereo Wigner time delay to track electron wave packets in molecules. This technique reveals preferential electron emission sites during CO molecule ionization, offering a complete spatiotemporal reconstruction of the photoelectric effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Atomic and molecular physics
  • Ultrafast science

Background:

  • Attosecond metrology enables studying quantum mechanical processes in atoms.
  • Extending time-resolved photoelectric effect studies to molecules presents significant challenges.
  • Understanding electron dynamics in molecules is crucial for various chemical and physical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the molecular stereo Wigner time delay using orientation- and energy-resolved measurements.
  • To gain direct information on the localization of excited electron wave packets within molecular potentials.
  • To achieve a complete spatiotemporal reconstruction of the molecular photoelectric effect.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing orientation- and energy-resolved measurements.
  • Investigating the dissociative ionization process of the CO molecule.
  • Performing comprehensive theoretical calculations to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • The molecular stereo Wigner time delay was successfully characterized.
  • Photoelectron emission sites during CO ionization were identified: preferential emission from the carbon end for 2Σ states and from the center/oxygen end for 2Π states.
  • Direct information on electron wave packet localization was obtained.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a complete spatiotemporal reconstruction of the molecular photoelectric effect.
  • Molecular stereo Wigner time delay is a powerful observable for probing electron dynamics.
  • Experimental and theoretical advancements enable detailed characterization of ultrafast molecular processes.