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Aging of the normal occlusion.

Felicia Miranda1, Camila Massaro1, Guilherme Janson1

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Longitudinal study reveals aging slightly worsens occlusion, yet most adults maintain satisfaction with dental alignment and smile aesthetics. Tooth loss impacts occlusal changes over 47 years.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Morphology

Background:

  • Normal occlusion is crucial for oral health and function.
  • Understanding long-term occlusal changes is vital for predicting oral health trajectories.
  • Aging can influence dental alignment and occlusal relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate qualitative occlusal changes in individuals with normal occlusion over a 47-year period.
  • To assess the impact of aging on specific occlusal features and self-perception.
  • To compare occlusal status from adolescence to late adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 20 subjects with normal occlusion (age 13.2 to 60.9 years).
  • Dental models analyzed using the Objective Grading System (OGS) and Six Keys to Normal Occlusion (SKNO).
  • Subjects completed questionnaires on aesthetic and occlusal self-perception.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in marginal ridge leveling and tooth buccolingual inclination observed.
  • Deterioration in antero-posterior occlusal relationships and dental alignment noted, particularly with tooth loss.
  • Maxillary second molar buccolingual inclination worsened, while angulation improved.
  • Most subjects reported satisfaction with smile aesthetics, though dental crowding caused dissatisfaction in 35%.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to minor deteriorations in some occlusal features in individuals with initially normal occlusion.
  • Despite some occlusal changes, most individuals achieve satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes by their sixth decade.
  • Tooth loss is a significant confounding factor in assessing long-term occlusal stability.