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Toward Task Connectomics: Examining Whole-Brain Task Modulated Connectivity in Different Task Domains.

Xin Di1, Bharat B Biswal1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 23, 2018
PubMed
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This study introduces the "task connectome" to map brain connectivity during tasks. It reveals that brain regions activated together do not always work together, showing complex task-related brain networks.

Keywords:
beta seriesbrain networkconnectomefunctional connectivitypsychophysiological interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Anatomical and resting-state functional connectivity (connectomes) are well-studied in the human brain using MRI.
  • A systematic examination of task-modulated whole-brain functional connectivity, termed the "task connectome," is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically examine whole-brain functional connectivity modulated by tasks across various cognitive domains.
  • To define and demonstrate the concept of a "task connectome."

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 7 functional MRI datasets (6 block-designed, 1 event-related).
  • Utilized psychophysiological interaction (PPI) to identify task-modulated connectivity between brain regions.
  • Examined connectivity across emotion, reward, language, relation, social cognition, working memory, and inhibition tasks.

Main Results:

  • Identified statistically significant task-modulated connectivity in 4 tasks by comparing experimental and control conditions.
  • Task-modulated connectivity involved both activated and non-activated/deactivated brain regions.
  • Observed decreased functional connectivity in all 4 tasks, even between co-activated regions, challenging the assumption that co-activation implies collaboration.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated comprehensive task connectomes for 4 distinct tasks.
  • Highlighted complex relationships between regional brain activations and functional connectivity changes during tasks.
  • Suggests that co-activation of brain regions does not necessarily equate to functional cooperation within a task.