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Coordination Number and Geometry

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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Published on: March 6, 2014

Lanthanide-Coordinated Black Phosphorus.

Lie Wu¹, Jiahong Wang^1,2, Jiang Lu¹

¹Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 23, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a lanthanide-coordination strategy to stabilize black phosphorus (BP) nanostructures. This method enhances BP stability and enables new applications in biomedical engineering and optoelectronics.

Keywords:

2D materials black phosphorus lanthanide stability surface modification

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemistry

Background:

Black phosphorus (BP) exhibits unique physical properties but suffers from intrinsic instability, limiting its applications.
Surface and chemical coordination are crucial for stabilizing BP nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a facile and efficient surface lanthanide-coordination strategy for passivating and functionalizing black phosphorus (BP) nanostructures.
To enhance the stability and expand the applications of BP-based quantum dots, nanosheets, and microflakes.

Main Methods:

A surface lanthanide-coordination strategy using lanthanide (Ln) sulfonate complexes was employed.
Lanthanide-phosphorus (Ln-P) coordination was utilized to occupy lone-pair electrons on phosphorus, preventing BP oxidation.

Main Results:

Lanthanide-coordinated BP (LnL3@BP) demonstrated excellent stability in both air and water.
Gd-coordinated BP exhibited high R1 relaxivities for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Other Ln-coordinated BP structures (Tb, Eu, Nd) showed fluorescence across visible to near-infrared regions.

Conclusions:

Surface lanthanide coordination is an effective method for enhancing the stability of black phosphorus.
The MR imaging and fluorescence properties derived from lanthanide ions enable new applications for BP in optoelectronics and biomedical engineering.