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Attitudes01:54

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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Development of the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale.

Motohiro Nakajima1, Richard Hoffman1, Abed Alsameai2

  • 1Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, USA.

Drug and Alcohol Review
|June 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale to assess views on khat (Catha edulis) use. The scale showed initial promise in identifying user beliefs and perceptions, aiding future research on this stimulant plant.

Keywords:
Cathaattitudeknowledgeperceptiontobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Khat (Catha edulis) is a widely used stimulant in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, often co-used with tobacco.
  • Chronic khat use is linked to adverse health outcomes, yet tools to assess attitudes toward its use are lacking.
  • The global expansion of khat use necessitates research into user perceptions and beliefs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a brief tool for assessing attitudes and perceptions related to khat use.
  • The study aimed to create the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale (K-KAPS).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 403 participants in Yemen (khat and tobacco users, khat-only users, and non-users).
  • Psychometric properties of the K-KAPS were examined using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) with Promax rotation, Scree-plot, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients.
  • Data collection focused on knowledge and attitudes concerning khat use.

Main Results:

  • PCA identified five factors: negative beliefs, positive beliefs, idleness, weight control, and family issues.
  • Internal consistency ranged from 0.53 to 0.88 for the identified factors.
  • Concurrent and khat-only users reported lower negative beliefs and higher positive beliefs compared to non-users.

Conclusions:

  • The Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale (K-KAPS) demonstrates initial validity and reliability.
  • The scale can be a useful tool for assessing attitudes and perceptions toward khat use.
  • Findings highlight differences in beliefs among khat users and non-users, informing public health interventions.