Trigeminal trophic syndrome: an updated review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Dermatology
• Rare Diseases

Background:

• Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by facial ulceration.
• It is associated with trigeminal nerve insult and often affects older women.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS).
• To address its history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) cases and management strategies.
• Clinical diagnosis by exclusion of other facial ulceration causes.

Main Results:

• TTS presents with persistent facial ulceration, sensory loss, and paresthesia in the trigeminal dermatome.
• Ulceration often results from self-manipulation and can be linked to psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

• Diagnosis of TTS is clinical and requires excluding other conditions.
• Management involves pharmaceutical, surgical, and behavioral interventions, with behavioral modifications being crucial.