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Related Concept Videos

Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

545
The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Toward Scalable Boson Sampling with Photon Loss.

Hui Wang1,2,3, Wei Li1,2,3, Xiao Jiang1,2,3

  • 1Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found that intentionally losing photons in boson sampling experiments can significantly increase the sampling rate. This breakthrough addresses scalability challenges in quantum computing, making quantum simulators more efficient for complex tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Photonic Systems

Background:

  • Boson sampling is a quantum computational task believed to be intractable for classical computers.
  • Scalability remains a significant challenge for experimental boson sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of photon loss on boson sampling rates.
  • To demonstrate a method for enhancing the sampling rate of multiphoton boson sampling experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a quantum-dot-micropillar single-photon source.
  • Employed a 16x16 mode ultralow-loss photonic circuit.
  • Implemented and validated lossy boson sampling with one and two photons lost, detecting three-, four-, and fivefold coincidence counts.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly increased sampling rates with photon loss.
  • Obtained sampling rates of 187 kHz (5-photon), 13.6 kHz (6-photon), and 0.78 kHz (7-photon) with two photons lost.
  • Demonstrated sampling rate enhancements of 9.4x, 13.9x, and 18.0x compared to standard boson sampling.

Conclusions:

  • Photon loss can be strategically used to enhance the sampling rate in boson sampling.
  • This approach offers a viable solution to improve the scalability and efficiency of quantum simulators for boson sampling.