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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Food Calls in Common Marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, and Evidence That One Is Functionally Referential.

Lesley J Rogers1, Leanne Stewart2, Gisela Kaplan3

  • 1School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2531, Australia. lrogers@une.edu.au.

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|June 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) use specific food calls. Call C signals insect availability, while Call A is a general food call, demonstrating referential communication in primates.

Keywords:
audience effectcommon marmosetsfood callsfood preferencesfood typeintentionalplayback experimentreferential

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Area of Science:

  • Primate communication
  • Animal behavior
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • The vocalizations of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are crucial for social interactions.
  • Previous research identified a general food call (Call A), but the specific functions of other calls remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the referential meaning and functional significance of different food-elicited vocalizations in common marmosets.
  • To differentiate the roles of Call A, Call B, and Call C in relation to specific food types and contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Presented common marmosets with insects and fruits (mealworms, crickets, banana, blueberries).
  • Recorded and analyzed three distinct vocalizations (Call A, B, C) elicited by food stimuli.
  • Utilized playback experiments of recorded calls to observe marmoset responses.
  • Investigated the effect of audience presence (alone vs. paired) on call emission.

Main Results:

  • Call C was exclusively produced in response to insects and signaled their availability, especially when not consumable.
  • Playback of Call C prompted marmosets to investigate insect locations, confirming referential signaling.
  • Call A was a general food call, emitted more during consumption and not specific to insects or fruit.
  • Call B was emitted less frequently, primarily towards crickets by isolated individuals.
  • All calls were emitted more frequently when marmosets were alone, indicating an audience effect.

Conclusions:

  • Common marmoset vocalizations, particularly Call C, possess referential meaning, conveying specific information about food types.
  • Understanding these distinct calls is vital for effective husbandry and welfare of marmosets in captive environments.