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Role of RNF20 in cancer development and progression - a comprehensive review

Gautam Sethi1,2,3, Muthu K Shanmugam3, Frank Arfuso4

  • 1Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam csiapk@nus.edu.sg gautam.sethi@tdt.edu.vn phcgs@nus.edu.sg.

Bioscience Reports
|June 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

RNF20 and RNF40 enzymes regulate histone modifications crucial for preventing cancer. Their loss is linked to genome instability, aggressive tumors, and poor prognosis in various cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer progression involves aberrant genetic changes and deregulation of chromatin-associated enzymes influencing post-translational modifications (PTMs).
  • RNF20 and RNF40 (RING E3 ubiquitin ligases) monoubiquitinate histones H2A and H2B, impacting transcriptional elongation, DNA repair, and chromatin differentiation.
  • RNF20 alterations are implicated in multiple cancers, contributing to genome instability and oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of RNF20 in chronic inflammation-driven cancers.
  • To summarize RNF20's involvement in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and apoptosis.
  • To discuss RNF20's impact on chromatin structure and its tumor suppressor functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on RNF20, RNF40, and histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1).
  • Analysis of RNF20's somatic alterations in various cancer types.
  • Examination of RNF20/40 loss in relation to cancer phenotypes and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Reduced RNF20 expression is a key driver of oncogenesis and genome instability.
  • Loss of RNF20/40 and H2Bub1 correlates with aggressive cancer phenotypes and poor prognosis.
  • RNF20 plays a significant role in DNA DSB repair, apoptosis, and maintaining chromatin integrity.

Conclusions:

  • RNF20 functions as a tumor suppressor, and its dysregulation is critical in cancer development.
  • Understanding RNF20's functions offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies targeting cancer initiation and progression.
  • RNF20's impact extends beyond the nucleosome, influencing broader chromatin dynamics in cancer.
Keywords:
RNF20cancernuclear factor kappaBubiquitins

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