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Adaptations to deep and prolonged diving in phocid seals.

Arnoldus Schytte Blix1,2

  • 1Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway asb000@uit.no.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|June 24, 2018
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Summary

This review highlights unique phocid seal adaptations for diving, emphasizing physiological responses and anatomical features. Both lab and wild dives reveal unified strategies for surviving oxygen deprivation and enhancing dive times.

Keywords:
Anaerobic metabolismAsphyxiaBlood flowBradycardiaDeep divingHypoxiaPinnipeds

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Mammal Physiology
  • Comparative Physiology
  • Diving Adaptations

Background:

  • Phocid seals exhibit remarkable adaptations for marine environments.
  • Understanding these adaptations is crucial for marine biology and conservation efforts.
  • Previous research often distinguished between laboratory and wild diving responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review seminal papers on phocid seal diving adaptations.
  • To elucidate key anatomical and physiological responses to diving.
  • To reconcile the relevance of laboratory versus wild diving studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of original research papers on phocid seal diving.
  • Analysis of anatomical peculiarities in phocid seals.
  • Examination of physiological responses during diving.

Main Results:

  • Phocid seals possess unique anatomical features facilitating diving.
  • Diverse physiological responses aid seals in oxygen conservation and extended dives.
  • Laboratory and wild diving responses are fundamentally similar, serving common protective goals.

Conclusions:

  • Phocid seal diving adaptations are multifaceted, involving both anatomy and physiology.
  • The distinction between forced and free dives is less important than their shared protective function.
  • These adaptations are key to surviving asphyxic stress and optimizing diving performance.