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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
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Exon Junction Complexes can have distinct functional flavours to regulate specific splicing events.

Zhen Wang1, Lionel Ballut2, Isabelle Barbosa1

  • 1Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.

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Summary

The exon junction complex (EJC) core interacts with distinct peripheral proteins, ASAP and PSAP, to regulate gene expression. This reveals that different EJC variants possess unique functions in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • RNA Processing

Background:

  • The exon junction complex (EJC) is crucial for post-transcriptional gene regulation and specific gene expression.
  • The EJC core complex interacts with various peripheral factors mediating post-splicing events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of EJC peripheral protein complexes ASAP and PSAP.
  • To determine if different EJC complexes exhibit unique alternative splicing regulatory activities.

Main Methods:

  • Recombinant complex reconstitution
  • Transcriptome-wide analysis

Main Results:

  • ASAP and PSAP form distinct complexes with the EJC core.
  • These distinct EJC complexes confer unique alternative splicing regulatory activities.
  • Demonstrated that different EJC variants possess distinct functions.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence for functional divergence among EJC complexes.
  • Highlights the role of distinct EJCs in modulating gene expression through alternative splicing.