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Early human brain development: Starring the subplate.

Mijna Hadders-Algra1

  • 1University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Pediatrics - Section Developmental Neurology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.

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Early human brain development sees major changes in the second half of gestation and first three months post-term, particularly in the cortical subplate and cerebellum. Disruption of this development is linked to disorders like autism and schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Brain Development

Background:

  • The early human brain undergoes rapid development, with critical changes occurring during gestation and early infancy.
  • The cortical subplate and cerebellum are key regions exhibiting significant developmental trajectories.
  • Understanding these early developmental processes is crucial for identifying potential disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on early human brain development.
  • To highlight the roles of the cortical subplate and cerebellum in neurodevelopment.
  • To explore the connection between early brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroanatomical data.
  • Analysis of functional connectomics studies.
  • Synthesis of existing literature on early brain development.

Main Results:

  • The most significant brain changes occur in late gestation and the first three months post-term.
  • Two developmental phases are identified: the transient cortical subplate phase and the phase of permanent circuitries.
  • Continuous network activity reconfigurations parallel developmental changes throughout these phases.

Conclusions:

  • Disruption of early cortical subplate development may be implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Conditions such as cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and schizophrenia may stem from altered subplate development.
  • Further research into early brain development is essential for understanding and potentially treating these disorders.