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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Hydrogen Charging of Aluminum using Friction in Water
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Perspective: How to understand electronic friction.

Wenjie Dou1, Joseph E Subotnik1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic friction, a correction to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, describes nuclear motion drag within electronic states. This review unifies various electronic friction forms and discusses electron-electron interactions in dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Electronic friction arises from nuclear motion interacting with electronic states, acting as a drag force.
  • This phenomenon is relevant across diverse systems like surface reactions, electrochemistry, and molecular electronics.
  • Existing literature presents multiple formulations of electronic friction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of electronic friction.
  • To identify and present a single, unifying form of Markovian electronic friction.
  • To analyze the impact of electron-electron interactions on frictional effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of electronic friction theories and applications.
  • Theoretical analysis to unify different electronic friction formalisms.
  • Focus on incorporating electron-electron interactions into friction models.

Main Results:

  • A unified, single form for Markovian electronic friction has been identified.
  • The critical role of electron-electron interactions in electronic friction is highlighted.
  • Different approaches to modeling dynamics using electronic friction are compared.

Conclusions:

  • Electronic friction provides a valuable correction to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
  • The unified Markovian form simplifies the description of frictional effects.
  • Understanding electron-electron interactions is key to accurately modeling dynamics with electronic friction.