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All in-Multiple parallel strategies for intracellular delivery by bacterial pathogens
Christian Rüter1, Marie-Luise Lubos1, Stefanie Norkowski1
1Institute of Infectiology - Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM
|June 25, 2018
Summary
Pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli use sophisticated nanomachines, including the type III secretion system (T3SS), cell-penetrating effectors (CPE), and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), to deliver virulence factors into host cells.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Molecular Biology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Microbial pathogens employ molecular strategies to manipulate host cell functions for survival.
- Secreted virulence factors, including toxins and effector proteins, are crucial for pathogen success.
- Effective virulence factor delivery into host cytoplasm is essential for pathogen efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss parallel strategies used by Gram-negative pathogens for intracellular delivery of virulence factors.
- To highlight the role of nanomachines in delivering toxins and effector proteins.
- To explore potential therapeutic applications based on bacterial delivery mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of emerging literature on bacterial secretion systems.
- Focus on pathogenic Escherichia coli as a model organism.
- Discussion of type III secretion system (T3SS), cell-penetrating effectors (CPE), and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).
Main Results:
- Gram-negative pathogens utilize diverse nanomachines for virulence factor deployment.
- T3SS, CPE, and OMVs represent parallel strategies for intracellular delivery.
- These mechanisms facilitate the translocation of toxins and effector proteins into host cells.
Conclusions:
- Bacterial strategies for intracellular virulence factor delivery are multifaceted.
- Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into host-pathogen interactions.
- Exploiting bacterial delivery systems presents potential avenues for therapeutic development.
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