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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

8.8K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Energy Basics02:27

Energy Basics

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Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
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Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

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The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
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Dual-energy CT based monitoring of treatment-induced bone marrow changes in lung cancer patients: preliminary results.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in X-ray CT Tool Chain for Tree Core Analysis
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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Technology and Challenges.

Bernhard Krauss1

  • 1HC DI CT R&D CTC SA, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstrasse 3, 91301 Forchheim, Germany.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|June 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) enhances imaging by using two X-ray spectra. While effective for heavy elements like iodine, it offers limited soft tissue differentiation compared to standard CT.

Keywords:
CT technologyDual-energy CTMaterial differentiationSpectral CTSpectral imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Physics

Background:

  • Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) utilizes two X-ray spectra for enhanced image analysis.
  • This technique aims to improve diagnostic quality and extract chemical information from scans.
  • Current applications show utility in visualizing heavy elements such as iodine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of dual-energy CT.
  • To compare its performance against single-energy CT for soft tissue differentiation.
  • To discuss the technological variations in commercial dual-energy CT scanners.

Main Methods:

  • Acquiring CT scans using two distinct X-ray energy spectra on the same patient slice.
  • Analyzing the resulting data to differentiate materials based on their elemental composition.
  • Comparing image quality and diagnostic capabilities with conventional single-energy CT.

Main Results:

  • Dual-energy CT excels in detecting and visualizing heavy atoms like iodine.
  • Significant improvement in differentiating soft tissues composed of light atoms is generally not observed compared to single-energy CT.
  • Commercial scanners employ diverse technologies impacting complexity and outcome quality.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-energy CT is a valuable tool for specific applications, particularly heavy element detection.
  • Its advantage over single-energy CT is less pronounced for soft tissue analysis.
  • Technological diversity in dual-energy CT systems influences their clinical utility and performance.